Gevey auxillary and irregular verbs
The verbs 'ën' and 'êen', which can both be translated as to be, are highly irregular. The main use of the verbs are to act as a copula, though they also has a number of other, idiomatic uses. Note that theese verbs never takes account of their subject's number, but do take account of the subject's status. Other copula verbs ('bekan', 'sekan') are entirely regular in their formation.
The auxiliary verbs 'sen' and 'ben' are also irregular in their formation, though unlike 'ën' they do take into account their subject's number as well as status.
Conjugating the verbs 'ën', 'êen', 'sen' and 'ben'
Tense | Subject | Equative and auxiliary verb conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
equative ën | equative êen | incidental sen | stative ben | ||
Future | ke | rje | rjee | sane | bene |
ka | rja | rjaa | sana | bena | |
ko | rjo | rjoo | sano | beno | |
ku | rju | rjuu | sanu | benu | |
mek | rje | rjee | sanje | benje | |
mak | rja | rjaa | sanja | benja | |
mok | rjo | rjoo | sanjo | benjo | |
muk | rju | rjuu | sanju | benju | |
êljs | rje | rjee | sanee | benee | |
âljs | rja | rjaa | sanae | benae | |
ôljs | rjo | rjoo | sanoe | benoe | |
ûljs | rju | rjuu | sanuu | benuu | |
Present | ke | ë | êe | se | be |
ka | ä | âa | sa | ba | |
ko | ö | ôo | so | bo | |
ku | ü | ûu | su | bu | |
mek | ë | êe | ce | bye | |
mak | ä | âa | ca | bya | |
mok | ö | ôo | co | byo | |
muk | ü | ûu | cu | byu | |
êljs | ë | êe | see | bee | |
âljs | ä | âa | sae | bae | |
ôljs | ö | ôo | soe | boe | |
ûljs | ü | ûu | suu | buu | |
Past | ke | fe | vde | sede | bede |
ka | fa | vda | seda | beda | |
ko | fo | vdo | sedo | bedo | |
ku | fu | vdu | sedu | bedu | |
mek | fe | vde | sedxe | bedxe | |
mak | fa | vda | sedxa | bedxa | |
mok | fo | vdo | sedxo | bedxo | |
muk | fu | vdu | sedxu | bedxu | |
êljs | fe | vde | sedee | bedee | |
âljs | fa | vda | sedae | bedae | |
ôljs | fo | vdo | sedoe | bedoe | |
ûljs | fu | vdu | seduu | beduu | |
Historic | ke | tje | êhe | sedje | bedje |
ka | tja | êha | sedja | bedja | |
ko | tjo | êho | sedjo | bedjo | |
ku | tju | êhuu | sedju | bedju | |
mek | tje | êhe | sedjye | bedjye | |
mak | tja | êha | sedjya | bedjya | |
mok | tjo | êho | sedjyo | bedjyo | |
muk | tju | êhuu | sedjyu | bedjyu | |
êljs | tje | êhe | sedjee | bedjee | |
âljs | tja | êha | sedjae | bedjae | |
ôljs | tjo | êho | sedjoe | bedjoe | |
ûljs | tju | êhuu | sedjuu | bedjuu |
The secondary verb formations for these verbs are also irregular. Note that the auxiliary verbs 'sen' and 'ben' do not have any secondary verb designs, as they are never encountered as verbs in their own right, but only as auxillary verbs. They do have participle forms, which are only used in relative clauses.
Secondary design | copula ën | copula êen | incidental sen | stative ben |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary participle | rou | ran | sou | bou |
Secondary participle | rao | ron | sao | bao |
Tertiary participle | roi | rin | soi | boi |
Infinitive design | ën | êen | [sen] | [ben] |
Imperative design | ëk | êek | - | - |
Anominate design | ëlta | êelta | - | - |
Subsidiary design | äirje | îirje | - | - |
One further irregular verb needs to be mentioned at this point. 'gven' is a word which can be roughly translated as do. It is used to demonstrate that the action in a clause is the same action as already given in the preceeding clause. It is never used with auxiliary verbs, and is never used as an auxilliary verb, as its whole purpose is to replace the previous clause's verb.
Conjugating the verb gven
Tense | Subject | Conjugation type | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
primary A type | secondary O type | tertiary I type | ||
Future | ke | gvene | gvone | gvine |
ka | gvena | gvona | gvina | |
ko | gveno | gvono | gvino | |
ku | gvenuu | gvonuu | gvinuu | |
mek | gvenje | gvonje | gvinje | |
mak | gvenja | gvonja | gvinja | |
mok | gvenjo | gvonjo | gvinjo | |
muk | gvenjuu | gvonjuu | gvinjuu | |
êljs | gvenee | gvonee | gvinee | |
âljs | gvenae | gvonae | gvinae | |
ôljs | gvenoe | gvonoe | gvinoe | |
ûljs | gvenuu | gvonuu | gvinuu | |
Present | ke | gvese | gvose | gvise |
ka | gvesa | gvosa | gvisa | |
ko | gveso | gvoso | gviso | |
ku | gvesu | gvosu | gvisu | |
mek | gveshe | gvoshe | gvishe | |
mak | gvesha | gvosha | gvisha | |
mok | gvesho | gvosho | gvisho | |
muk | gvecu | gvocu | gvicu | |
êljs | gvesee | gvosee | gvisee | |
âljs | gvesae | gvosae | gvisae | |
ôljs | gvesoe | gvosoe | gvisoe | |
ûljs | gvesuu | gvosuu | gvisuu | |
Past | ke | gvede | gvode | gvide |
ka | gveda | gvoda | gvida | |
ko | gvedo | gvodo | gvido | |
ku | gvedu | gvodu | gvidu | |
mek | gvedxe | gvodxe | gvidxe | |
mak | gvedxa | gvodxa | gvidxa | |
mok | gvedxo | gvodxo | gvidxo | |
muk | gvedxu | gvodxu | gvidxu | |
êljs | gvedee | gvodee | gvidee | |
âljs | gvedae | gvodae | gvidae | |
ôljs | gvedoe | gvodoe | gvidoe | |
ûljs | gveduu | gvoduu | gviduu | |
Historic | ke | gvedje | gvodje | gvidje |
ka | gvedja | gvodja | gvidja | |
ko | gvedjo | gvodjo | gvidjo | |
ku | gvedju | gvodju | gvidju | |
mek | gvedjye | gvodjye | gvidjye | |
mak | gvedjya | gvodjya | gvidjya | |
mok | gvedjyo | gvodjyo | gvidjyo | |
muk | gvedjyu | gvodjyu | gvidjyu | |
êljs | gvedjee | gvodjee | gvidjee | |
âljs | gvedjae | gvodjae | gvidjae | |
ôljs | gvedjoe | gvodjoe | gvidjoe | |
ûljs | gvedjuu | jgvodhuu | gvidhuu |